How to profoundly change the beliefs of the polytheists during the age of revelation from the denial of the Prophet (pbuh) to the certainty of his Message and the acceptance of his full guardianship is a question worthy of attention. The order of verses about prophecy based on the order of revelation is the reason to lead a transformative process and a special Quranic method in institutionalizing the belief of prophecy in the lives of Arabs. In the first stage, the Holy Quran in the first Makkī (Arabic: المکّیّ, suras revealed in Mecca) chapters has prepared the community from the motivational side to accept the truth of the Prophet’s (pbuh) prophecy and briefly stating the key issues surrounding it. The Holy Book of Quran at the time of the emergence of oppositions and doubts (the second stage) destroyed the arguments of the polytheists and explained the prophecy and proved its authenticity from a cognitive perspective in the second stage by presenting clear arguments. and the Holy Book of Quran in the third stage after Madanī (Arabic: المدنیّ, suras revealed in Medina) period has undertaken measures in order to fulfill the goals of the Massage by explaining the true position of the Prophet (pbuh) to deepen and operationalize the Prophetic belief through explaining practical duties for the Prophet (pbuh) and behavior based on the acceptance of Walaya (Arabic: ولایة, meaning “guardianship” or “governance”).

Simulation of process units in order to optimize them has long been considered in the chemical industry. Limited sources of energy supply and their increasing consumption in various industries have made optimization and subsequent energy integration important. There are many alternatives to designing a new process or optimizing an existing one, all of which can waste a lot of time and energy and increase costs. But with simulation software, the speed of estimating alternatives has increased. On the other hand, the optimization features in this type of software have caused the comparison of different processes to be done in the best possible way. Because the comparison of different alternatives should be compared and selected in optimal conditions. Aspen Plus software has process optimization features that the user can easily optimize the simulated unit by defining the objective function and existing constraints as well as free optimization variables. The user must first extract the variables contained in the objective and constraint function from flow Sheet 1 and define the objective function and constraints by combining these variables. Also, free optimization variables should be introduced from the available variables selected for optimization. In this project, optimization is done in order to produce 6 MW power.

In autosegmental phonology, Goldsmith (1976) expanded the phonological representation from linear to non-linear in frequent languages. Due to nonlinearity and the existence of layered structure in this approach, the present study with descriptive-analytical way define and analyze some of the phonological processes including spirantization, assimilation, , deletion and compensatory lengthening based on the principles of autosegmental phonology, i. e. spreading and delinking (McCarthy, 1988) in Sirjani dialect. To get the end, 40 speakers with different genders, ages, educations, jobs and from multiple areas of Sirjan city were selected randomly and data were collected by using free speech recording, interviewing and available library resources about Sirjani variety,then, the collected data were transcribed by using the "APA" and the existing phonological processes were extracted and classified based on the Kul division (2007). Consequently, the analysis of the used rules in linguistic corpus was done following principles of autosegmental phonology. The results of the research showed unlike the fortition process, there are many instances of lenition process in Sirjani variation and the spreading process is realized in the form of spirantization of stop consonants and assimilation of place of articulation and voicing and the delinking process is manifested only in the form of consonant deletion.

Nitrogen production units are one of the most important units in refineries, which have different functions according to the needs and existing conditions. In the present study, the aim is to optimize the energy consumption in the nitrogen production unit by changing the operating conditions by HYSYS software (V14-2024). The advantage and novelty of this article is that because the amount and purity of the feed has not changed and due to the importance of energy consumption in refinery units, a large amount of energy reduction observed in the process of the unit. To determine the objective function in the software, the amount of energy of the equipment including coolers, feed compressor, condenser and Reboiler selected. Afterwards, all these values ​​added together in one cell to determine the objective function.  The simulation results showed the optimization of energy consumption by 17.4% compared to the initial value.

Nowadays, membrane processes are widely used for high purity Nitrogen production. Separation of air by membranes is a flexible process in which the investment and operational costs are lower than for example adsorption or cryogenic processes. Such processes are based on relative permeability of air components which are transported by the pressure difference between two sides of the membrane. Mathematical equations for modeling and simulation of membrane air separation were solved by both HYSYS simulator without any need of external programming out of the simulator environment, and linking Excel to ASPEN PLUS without any need for compile or multiple processes. Countercurrent flow conditions through the membrane, and hollow fiber type membrane were assumed to be applicable. By doing such simulation, the separation percentage of air components in two product streams, and also purity percentage of each stream could be determined. Results of simulations by these two industrial simulators were compared with experimental data and a good consistency was reached. The proposed method can be used for simulation of non-ideal systems successfully.

Large-scale use of hydrogen requires precise risk control, which can be achieved through investing in a reliable risk analysis method. In the present study, to investigate the hazards caused by hydrogen with high pressure and temperature in the sorbitol production plant, the concept hazard analysis method and the qualitative risk analysis were used to identify the main hazards in this plant. Then PHAST 8.22 software was used to model the consequences of high-risk scenarios. Moreover, the risk assessment data of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers was used to estimate the frequency of scenarios. The event tree analysis was used to estimate the frequency of the consequences of the defined scenarios. Finally, the vulnerable areas were recognized, and the number of casualties in the event of any of these consequences was estimated. Using the frequency vs. number of fatality (F-N) curve based on the risk acceptance criteria for hydrogen document, areas with unacceptable risk were identified. According to this diagram, the risk of the reactor and the compressor are in an unacceptable area. Therefore, the necessary measures in terms of structure, performance, or organization should be prioritized to reduce the risk associated with this two equipment.